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Food crisis looms warn scientists
A new report by Australian researchers claims far more needs to be done if we're to feed the estimated 9 billion people who will be
living on the planet by 2050.
The report, by Professor Mark Tester and Professor Peter Langridge of the Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics at the University of Adelaide, appears today in the journal Science.
"The simple fact is while food production has increased by 32 million tonnes a year, an annual increase of 44 million tonnes a year is what's actually needed to meet the food targets for 2050 set down by the World Summit on Food Security," says Tester.
"But this represents a 38% increase over historical improvements in food production, and it needs to be sustained for the next 40 years.
"This scale of increase is unprecedented and will require huge changes to current food production methods".
Climate change
Tester says our ability to increase or sustain crop yields and quality is being tested by changes to the environment caused by global warming and the growth in biofuels.
"Increasing food production in a stable environment would be challenging enough, but given the dynamic global environmental changes now occurring. It will be even harder … but not impossible," he says.
The report says there will be some benefits from climate change, such as increasing CO2 levels acting as a fertiliser, and rising temperatures increasing growth in higher latitudes and altitudes.
But it also means more damaging high temperature events, new pest and disease pressures and altered drought and rainfall patterns.
Tester warns the current diversion of food into the production of biofuels is putting even further pressure on world food supplies.
"It's obscenity that such a huge percentage of the maize crop is going into biofuel production when children are starving," he says.
"We need biofuels, but we should use different feed stocks such as algal bio-diesel which won't impact world food stocks."
living on the planet by 2050.The report, by Professor Mark Tester and Professor Peter Langridge of the Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics at the University of Adelaide, appears today in the journal Science.
"The simple fact is while food production has increased by 32 million tonnes a year, an annual increase of 44 million tonnes a year is what's actually needed to meet the food targets for 2050 set down by the World Summit on Food Security," says Tester.
"But this represents a 38% increase over historical improvements in food production, and it needs to be sustained for the next 40 years.
"This scale of increase is unprecedented and will require huge changes to current food production methods".
Climate change
Tester says our ability to increase or sustain crop yields and quality is being tested by changes to the environment caused by global warming and the growth in biofuels.
"Increasing food production in a stable environment would be challenging enough, but given the dynamic global environmental changes now occurring. It will be even harder … but not impossible," he says.
The report says there will be some benefits from climate change, such as increasing CO2 levels acting as a fertiliser, and rising temperatures increasing growth in higher latitudes and altitudes.
But it also means more damaging high temperature events, new pest and disease pressures and altered drought and rainfall patterns.
Tester warns the current diversion of food into the production of biofuels is putting even further pressure on world food supplies.
"It's obscenity that such a huge percentage of the maize crop is going into biofuel production when children are starving," he says.
"We need biofuels, but we should use different feed stocks such as algal bio-diesel which won't impact world food stocks."
Tiny sensors track 'lost' objects
Australian scientists are working on a new type of sensor that can locate wandering objects - including that missing coffee mug.
Known as FLECK Nano, the sensors are small enough to be attached to a wide range of objects and, according to CSIRO research engineer Phil Valencia, can also be programmed to measure more than location.
"We've developed interfaces for various sensors such as humidity and temperature, accelerometers for sort of tracking motion and things like that as well as other little things for controlling power outlets and stuff like that," says Valencia.
"So it really just depends on what the object is that you're interested in and then you want to pick sensors that make sense for that particular object"
Valencia says the technology could be used to solve the mystery of migrating coffee mugs.
"I have a coffee mug for example which is sensored with a temperature sensor and an accelerometer to track the coffee mug where it's going through the office," he says. "So if I leave it anywhere I can find where it is and I can also find out the temperature of my coffee."
There may be applications beyond the office as well.
Tracking cheese
Valencia says the sensors could be used to help consumers ensure they don't eat an out-of-date block of cheddar for example, and is more reliable than the old 'sniff test'.
"It can be tracked and say where the cheese is, what temperature variation through its life did it experience," says Valencia, "That information can be sent back to the database and can also be analysed by people."
"When the cheese finally makes it to your fridge for example, the fridge could download that data directly from the cheese and sort of say 'hey, your cheese has gone through this variation so I would recommend that you eat it by the end of the week' or something like that. "
Researchers are still working out how to power the devices more efficiently. It would be impractical to constantly change the batteries if the tiny sensors were attached to hundreds of objects.
Known as FLECK Nano, the sensors are small enough to be attached to a wide range of objects and, according to CSIRO research engineer Phil Valencia, can also be programmed to measure more than location.
"We've developed interfaces for various sensors such as humidity and temperature, accelerometers for sort of tracking motion and things like that as well as other little things for controlling power outlets and stuff like that," says Valencia.
"So it really just depends on what the object is that you're interested in and then you want to pick sensors that make sense for that particular object"
Valencia says the technology could be used to solve the mystery of migrating coffee mugs.
"I have a coffee mug for example which is sensored with a temperature sensor and an accelerometer to track the coffee mug where it's going through the office," he says. "So if I leave it anywhere I can find where it is and I can also find out the temperature of my coffee."
There may be applications beyond the office as well.
Tracking cheese
Valencia says the sensors could be used to help consumers ensure they don't eat an out-of-date block of cheddar for example, and is more reliable than the old 'sniff test'.
"It can be tracked and say where the cheese is, what temperature variation through its life did it experience," says Valencia, "That information can be sent back to the database and can also be analysed by people."
"When the cheese finally makes it to your fridge for example, the fridge could download that data directly from the cheese and sort of say 'hey, your cheese has gone through this variation so I would recommend that you eat it by the end of the week' or something like that. "
Researchers are still working out how to power the devices more efficiently. It would be impractical to constantly change the batteries if the tiny sensors were attached to hundreds of objects.
'Climategate' university orders review
The British university embroiled in an email row has ordered a review of its climate researchers' work after accusations they
distorted or hid evidence to support the case for human-induced global warming.
The University of East Anglia says external investigators will check papers published by its Climatic Research Unit, one of the world's leading sources of data on changing temperatures.
The centre, which has contributed to UN climate reports, is already under investigation after hackers broke into its computer network and stole emails that critics cite as evidence that climate scientists manipulated, suppressed and hyped climate data.
More than 1000 leaked emails were put on the internet last November, leading to a police investigation into who stole them and doubts about climate science's accuracy and reliability.
Britain's most senior climate scientists say the row has dented public confidence in the evidence that underpins human's role in raising global temperatures to dangerous levels.
"It is in the interests of all concerned that there should be an additional assessment considering the science itself," says Professor Trevor Davies, the university's pro-vice chancellor for research.
distorted or hid evidence to support the case for human-induced global warming.The University of East Anglia says external investigators will check papers published by its Climatic Research Unit, one of the world's leading sources of data on changing temperatures.
The centre, which has contributed to UN climate reports, is already under investigation after hackers broke into its computer network and stole emails that critics cite as evidence that climate scientists manipulated, suppressed and hyped climate data.
More than 1000 leaked emails were put on the internet last November, leading to a police investigation into who stole them and doubts about climate science's accuracy and reliability.
Britain's most senior climate scientists say the row has dented public confidence in the evidence that underpins human's role in raising global temperatures to dangerous levels.
"It is in the interests of all concerned that there should be an additional assessment considering the science itself," says Professor Trevor Davies, the university's pro-vice chancellor for research.
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